Bibliografia

1. Chourdakis M, Kraus M, Tzellos T, Kouvelas D. Early enteral nutrition positively influences endocrine function in traumatic brain injury patients. Hippokratia 2011; 15(3): 288.
2. Costello LA, Lithander FE, Gruen RL, Williams LT. Nutrition therapy in the optimisation of health outcomes in adult patients with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury: Findings from a scoping review. Injury 2014; 45(12): 1834-41.
3. Preiser JC, van Zanten ARH, Berger MM, et al. Metabolic and nutritional support of critically ill patients: consensus and controversies. Crit Care 2015; 19(1): 35.
4. Foley N, Marshall S, Pikul J, Salter K, Teasell R. (2008). Hypermetabolism following moderate to severe traumatic acute brain injury: a systematic review. J Neurotrauma 2008; 25(12): 1415-31.
5. Wang X, Dong Y, Han X, et al. Nutritional support for patients sustaining traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies.PloS One 2013; 8.3: e58838.
6. Maynard ND, Bihari DJ. Postoperative feeding." BMJ 1991; 303(6809): 1007-8.
7. ASPEN Board of Directors and the Clinical Guidelines Task Force. Guidelines for use of parenteral and enteral nutrition in adult and pediatric patients. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2002; 26(1 Suppl): 1SA-138SA.
8. Kadamani I, Itani M, Zahran E, Taha N. Incidence of aspiration and gastrointestinal complications in critically ill patients using continuous versus bolus infusion of enteral nutrition: a pseudo-randomised controlled trial. Aust Crit Care 2014; 27(4): 188-93.
9. Dhandapani SS, Manju D, Sharma BS, Mahapatra AK. Clinical malnutrition in severe traumatic brain injury: factors associated and outcome at 6 months. The Indian Journal of Neurotrauma 2007; 4(1): 35-9.
10. Terza Conferenza Nazionale di Consenso. Buona pratica clinica nella riabilitazione ospedaliera delle persone con gravi cerebrolesioni acquisite. Salsomaggiore Terme (BO), 5-6 novembre 2010.
11. Bissoli L, Zamboni M, Sergi G, Ferrari E, Bosello O. Guidelines for malnutrition assessment in the elderly. Giorn Geront 2001; 49: 4-12.
12. Duraski SA, Lovell L, Roth EJ. Nutritional intake, body mass index, and activity in postacute traumatic brain injury: a preliminary study. Rehabil Nurs 2014; 39(3): 140-6.
13. Giacino JT, Ashwal S, Childs N, et al. The Minimally Conscious State: definition and diagnostic criteria. Neurology 2002; 58: 349-53.

Ulteriori approfondimenti

• Dhandapani M, Dhandapani S, Agarwal M, Mahapatra AK. Pressure ulcer in patients with severe traumatic brain injury: significant factors and association with neurological outcome. J Clin Nurs 2014; 23(7-8): 1114-9.
• Giacino J, Kalmar K. Diagnostic and prognostic guidelines for the vegetative and minimally conscious states. Neuropsychol Rehabil 2005; 15: 166-74.
• Giacino JT, Kalmar K, Whyte J. The JFK Coma Recovery Scale-Revised: measurement characteristics and diagnostic utility. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2004; 85(12): 2020-9.
• Gouvier WD, Blanton PD, Laporte KK, Nepomuceno C. Reliability and validity of the disability rating scale and the levels of cognitive functioning scale in monitoring recovery from severe head injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1987; 68: 94-7.
• Hagen D. Levels of cognitive functioning. In: Hagen C, Malkmus D, Durham P (eds). Rehabilitation of the head injured adult. Comprehensive physical management. Rancho Los Amigos Hospital, 1979.
• Rappaport M, Hall KM, Hopkins K, Belleza T, Cope DN. Disability Rating Scale for severe head trauma: coma to community. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1982; 63: 132-41.
• Sacco S, Altobelli E, Pistarini C, et al. Validation of the Italian version of the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R). Brain Injury 2011; 25(5): 488-95.
• Scrimgeour AG, Condlin ML. Nutritional treatment for traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma 2014; 31(11): 989-99.