The myofascial pain syndrome is defined as a painful and reversible functional alteration of the locomotor system whose origin can be traced to one or more trigger points: these cause local and referred pain, both acute and chronic. The referred pain can be similar to other painful syndromes and for this reason a throughout differential diagnosis is necessary. The treatment of myofascial pain syndrome requires both the deactivation of the trigger points and the correction of the perpetuating factors; in this mode, it is possible to reduce the risk of the pain reactivating.