Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is one of the most common peripheral neuropathies, caused by an entrapment of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel at the wrist. In most cases, the exact cause and pathogenesis of CTS are unclear. Although various occupations have been linked to an increased incidence and prevalence of CTS, the evidence is controversial. Occupational CTS is not, in fact, very common, and it is essential to exclude all other causes, particularly the intrinsic factors, before attributing CTS to occupation. The classic symptoms of CTS include nocturnal pain associated with tingling and numbness. A detailed patient history, with attention given to key points such as handedness, occupation, hobbies and mechanism of injury, facilitates the diagnosis and aids in managing the disorder in accordance with the patient’s expectations and functional needs.