Bibliografia

1. Wiltse LL, Widell EH, Jackson DW. Fatigue fracture: the basic lesion is isthmic spondylolisthesis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1975; 57(1): 17-22.

 

2. Lauerman WC, Cain JE. Adult isthmic spondylolisthesis. In: Frymoyer JW, Wiesel SW (eds). The adult and pediatric spine. 3rd edition. Vol. 1. Philadelphia (PA): Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2004; pp. 491-503.

 

3. Aruna G. Isthmic spondylolisthesis. Neurosurg Focus 2002; 13(1): E1.

 

4. Fredrickson BE, Baker D, Mcholick WJ, Yuan HA, Lubicky JP. The natural history of spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1984; 66(5): 699-707.

 

5. Wiltse LL, Newman PH, Macnab I. Classification of spondylolisis and spondylolisthesis. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1976; 117: 23-9.

 

6. Kalichman L, Kim DH, Li L, et al. Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis: prevalence and association with low back pain in the adult community- based population. Spine 2009; 34(2): 199-205.

 

7. Jacobs WCH, Vreeling A, De Kleuver M. Fusion for low-grade adult isthmic spondylolisthesis: a systematic review of the literature. Eur Spine J 2006; 15(4): 391-402.

 

8. Beutler WJ, Fredrickson BE, Murtland A, et al. The natural history of spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis: 45-year follow-up evaluation. Spine 2003; 28(10):1027-35; discussion 1035.

 

9. Frennered K. Isthmic spondylolisthesis among patients receiving disability pension under the diagnosis of chronic low back pain syndromes. Spine 1994; 19(24): 2766-9.

 

10. Osterman K, Schlenzka D, Poussa M, Seitsalo S, Virta L. Isthmic spondylolisthesis in symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects, epidemiology, and natural history with special reference to disk abnormality and mode of treatment. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1993; 297: 65-70.

 

11. Libson E, Bloom RA, Dinari G. Symptomatic and asymptomatic spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis in young adults. Int Orthop 1982; 6(4): 259-61.

 

12. Floman Y. Progression of lumbosacral isthmic spondylolisthesis in adults. Spine 2000; 25(3): 342-7.