Low back pain is today one of the most common reasons for seeking a medical consultation and a potential factor of subsequent disability for the individual who is affected. Its high incidence is associated with huge direct and indirect costs that contribute to making this pathology a social and economic burden for national health systems. Aquatic therapy is a rehabilitative technique that has been used for many years in the management and treatment of numerous musculoskeletal problems. In the present issue of this section, we analyze its efficacy and some therapeutic strategies in patients with low back pain.