In musculoskeletal rehabilitation, diverse approaches of assessment and treatment have been proposed, in particular those based on manual therapy, therapeutic exercise and patient education. These approaches differ as regards their models of reference, the structures targeted and their clinical applications. Another aspect which often differentiates them is the intensity of the manipulations and exercises proposed, in conjunction with the eventual painful symptoms evoked during their execution. The aim of this article is to present the scientific papers published on this subject and discuss their clinical implications.