Dizziness and vertigo are terms referring to different disturbances of a cervical origin. By ‘cervicogenic dizziness’ is intended an aspecific sensation of disorientation in space associated with disequilibrium which is a consequence of abnormal afferent activity of the cervical spine, whereas the term ‘vertigo’ should be limited to situations in which the subject reports an illusory perception of linear or angular movement of the subject or surrounding environment. The key issue, however, is the assessment of the patient, in that this strongly depends on the clinician’s skill at being able to exclude, with a good margin of tolerance, various non-musculoskeletal differential diagnoses: dizziness and vertigo may be due to a multitude of vascular, neurological and vestibular diseases. Thus, the definitive diagnosis often requires collaboration with a team made up of different specialists, and it can necessitate the use of advanced instrumental examinations as well as time.