Bibliografia

1. Grasso R, Assaiante C, Prevost P, Berthoz, A. Development of anticipatory orienting strategies during locomotor tasks in children. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 1998; 22, 533-9.
2. Stock E, Ashburn A. Dysfunctional turning in Parkinson’s disease. Disabil Rehabil 2008; 30 (16): 1222-9.
3. Hong M, Perlmutter JS, Earhart GM. A kinematic and electromyographic analysis of turning in people with Parkinson disease. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2009; 23: 166-76.
4. Lohnes CA, Earhart G. Saccadic eye movements are related to turning performance in Parkinson disease. J Parkinsons Dis 2011; 1: 109-18.
5. Morris ME, Huxham F, McGinley J, Dodd K, Iansek R. The biomechanics and motor control of gait in Parkinson disease. Clin Biomech (Bristol Avon) 2001; 16: 459-70.
6. Stack E, Ashburn A. Dysfunctional turning in Parkinson’s disease. Disabil Rehabil 2008; 30: 1222-9.
7. Bloem BR, Grimbergen YA, Cramer M, Willemsen M, Zwinderman AH. Prospective assessment of falls in Parkinson’s disease. J Neurol 2001; 248: 950-8.
8. Anastasopoulos D, Ziavra N, Hollands M, Bronstein A. Gaze displacement and inter-segmental coordination during large whole body voluntary rotations. Exp. Brain Res 2009; 193: 323-36.
9. Imai T Moore S, Raphan T Cohen B. Interaction of the body, head and eyes during walking and turning. Exp Brain Res 2001; 136 :1-18.
10. Willems AM, Nieuwboer A, Chavret F, et al. Turning in Parkinson’s disease patients and controls: the effect of auditory cues. Mov disord 2007; 22(13): 1871-8.
11. Crenna P, Carpinella I, Rabuffetti M, et al. The association between impaired turning and normal straight walking in Parkinson’s disease. Gait Posture 2007; 26:172-8.
12. Mesure S, Azulay JP, Pouget J, Amblard B. Strategies of segmental stabilization during gait in Parkinson’s disease. Exp Brain Res 1999; 129: 573-81.
13. Vaugoyeau M, Viallet F, Aurenty R, et al. Axial rotation in Parkinson’s disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2006; 77: 815-21.
14. Wickremaratchi MM, Knipe MD, Sastry BS, et al. The motor phenotype of Parkinson’s disease in relation to age at onset. Mov Disord 2011; 26: 457-63.
15. Faist M, Xie J, Kurz D, et al. Effect of bilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulation on gait in Parkinson’s disease. Brain 2001; 124: 1590-600.
16. Ferrarin M, Rizzone M, Bergamasco B, et al. Effects of bilateral subthalamic stimulation on gait kinematics and kinetics in Parkinson’s disease. Exp Brain Res 2005; 160: 517-27.
17. Hackney ME, Earhart GM. Effects of dance on movement control in Parkinson’s disease: a comparison of Argentine tango and American ballroom. J Rehab Med 2009; 41: 475-81.
18. Marchese R, Bove M, Abbruzzese G. Effect of cognitive and motor task on postural stability in parkinson’s disease: a posturographic study. Mov Disor 2003; 18: 652-8.
19. Bloem BR, Grimbergen YAM, Cramer M, Willemsen M. Prospective assessment of falls in Parkinson’s disease. J Neurol 2001; 248: 950-8.
20. Ashburn A, Fazakarley L, Ballinger C, Pickering R, McLellan LD. A randomised controlled trial of a home based exercise programme to reduce the risk of falling among people with Parkinson’s disease. J Neurosurg Psychiatry 2007; 78: 678-84.
21. Gray P, Hildebrand K. Fall risk factors in Parkinson’s disease. J Neurosci Nurs 2000; 32: 222-8.
22. Franchignoni F, Martignoni E, Ferriero G, Pasetti C. Balance and fear of falling in Parkinson’s disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2005; 11: 427-33.
23. Goodwin VA, Richards SH, Taylor RS, Taylor AH, Campbell JL. The effectiveness of exercise interventions for people with Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Mov Disord 2008; 23: 631-40.
24. Tomlinson CL, Patel S, Meek C, et al. Physiotherapy versus placebo or no intervention in Parkinson’s disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Rev 2012; 8: CD002817.
25. Sedgman RGP, Iansek R. Development of a measure of turning during walking. ln: Proceedings of the Inaugural Conference of the Faculty of Health Sciences; 1994; La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
26. Tinetti ME, Williams FT, Mayewski R. Fall risk index for elderly patients based on number of chronic disabilities. Am J Med 1986; 80: 429-34.
27. Nieuwboer A, De Weerdt W, Dom R, Lesaffre E. A frequency and correlation analysis of motor deficits in Parkinson patients. Disabil Rehabil 1998; 20:142-50.
28. Stack E, Ashburn A. Fall events described by people with Parkinson’s disease: Implications for clinical interviewing and the research agenda. Physiother Res In 1999; 4: 190-0.
29. Bloem BR, Hausdorff JM, Visser JE, Giladi N. Falls and freezing of gait in Parkinson’s desease: a review of two interconnected, episodic phenomena. Mov Disord 2004; 19: 871-84.
30. Giladi N. Freezing of gait. Clinical overview. Adv Neurol 2001: 87: 191-7.
31. Spildooren J, Vercruysse S, Desloovere K, et al. Freezing of gait in Parkinson’s desease: the impact of dual tasking and turning. Mov Dis 2010; 25(15): 2563-70.
32. Mak MKY, Patla A, Hui-Chan C. Sudden turn during walking is impaired in people with Parkinson’s disease. Exp Brain Res 2008; 190: 43-51.
33. Schaafsma JD, Balash Y, Gurevich T, et al. Characterization of freezing of gait subtypes and the response of each to levodopa in Parkinson’s disease. Eur J Neurol 2003; 10: 391-8.
34. Giladi N, Kao R, Fahn S. Freezing phenomenon in patients with parkinsonian syndromes. Mov Disord 1997; 12: 302-5.
35. O’Halloran CJ, Kinsella GJ, Storey E. The cerebellum and neuropsychological functioning: a critical review. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2012; 34(1): 35-56.
36. Penhune V, Steele C. Parallel contributions of cerebellar, striatal and M1 mechanisms to motor sequence learning. Behav Brain Res 2012; 226: 579-91.
37. Lim I, van Wegen E, de Goede C, et al. Effects of external rhythmical cueing on gait in patients with Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review. Clin Rehab 2005; 19: 695-713.
38. Tamir R, Dickstein R, Huberman M. Integration of motor imagery and physical practice in group treatment applied to subjects with Parkinson’s disease. Neurorehab Neur Repair 2007; 21: 68-75.
39. Lohnes CA, Earhart GM. The impact of attentional, auditory, and combined cues on walking during single and cognitive dual tasks in Parkinson disease. Gait Posture 2011; 33: 478-83.
40. Ministero della Salute, Istituto Superiore di Sanità. Diagnosi e terapia della malattia di Parkinson. Linee guida del 2013.