The decision-making process for return to training and return to play is based not only on general principles but draws inspiration also from theoretical notions that must guide all the stakeholders and health personnel involved in this complex pathway. The decision-making process represents a continuum in which the centrality of the patient constitutes the core of the matter and the focal point. In this second part, we discuss the theoretical aspects of the decision-making process regarding return to training and return to play that were approved by the Italian consensus conference on return to play after lower limb muscle injury in football.