Carpal tunnel syndrome, the most common entrapment neuropathy of the upper limb, affects 3-6% of the adult population. Symptoms include pain, tingling, and numbness in the first three fingers of the hand, with muscle atrophy in severe cases. Diagnosis relies on electrophysiological tests as the gold standard, but clinical and instrumental tests such as nerve conduction studies, MRI, and ultrasound are also used to confirm the condition. The 2023 meta-analysis by Debbagh highlights that tests like the Phalen, Tinel, and Durkan have variable sensitivity and specificity, with the Phalen test showing a sensitivity of 57% and specificity of 67%. Combining the Phalen with the Durkan test increases sensitivity but with low specificity. Differential diagnosis is crucial to exclude other similar conditions such as pronator teres syndrome or cervicobrachialgia. Systemic factors like diabetes can predispose to carpal tunnel syndrome and should be investigated in the patient’s medical history.